Seminario

Per il ciclo "Colloqui di dipartimento" il giorno 14 aprile alle ore 16 presso la stanza C412, Luciano Libero Pappalardo (INFN and University of Ferrara) terra' un seminario dal titolo 

Exploring the multidimensional structure of the nucleon

Abstract

Protons and neutrons are among the basic building blocks of ordinary matter and account for more than 99% of the mass of the visible Universe.
With the advent of the quark model and of QCD their structure in terms of elementary constituents became evident and was eventually established by the first DIS experiments in the late '60s.
Today we have a rather precise knowledge of the longitudinal momentum and longitudinal spin distributions of quarks, encoded by the collinear momentum and helicity Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs). These objects, however, provide only a 1-dimensional description of the nucleon
New fundamental insights and a rich phenomenology arise when we expand our studies by including the dependencies on the (originally neglected) parton transverse degrees of freedom: transverse polarization, transverse momentum, and transverse position across the nucleon. A consequence of this novel approach is the appearance of two new families of partonic distributions: the Transverse-Momentum Dependent distribution functions (TMDs) and the Generalized Parton Distribution functions (GPDs), which provide a complementary multi-dimensional description of the nucleon structure (nucleon tomography) and a new ground for studying the strong interaction in the non-perturbative regime of QCD.
In this seminar I will present a brief overview of recent experimental highlights on the 3D structure of nucleons, with a focus on the activities carried out by the Ferrara group, along with some perspectives for future measurements at existing and future facilities.